28 sept 2009

La telebasura también es intelectualmente estimulante

Los que se les llena la boca diciendo que la televisión es la caja tonta y que contemplarla es dejarse abducir por ella, dejando nuestro cerebro en stand-by, parten de un error basado en una concepción arcaica y tradicional de la cultura.

Es cierto que la televisión no aporta ni aportará jamás la profundidad intelectual que, por ejemplo, ofrece un ensayo de neurociencia. Sin embargo, la comparación no es justa. La televisión también aporta una serie de estímulos cognitivos que muchos libros son incapaces de ofrecer.
En todo caso, como intenta demostrar el divulgador científico Steven Johnson en su libro Everything bad is good for you, la televisión no es tan estúpida como creemos. Y menos todavía la televisión de los últimos 20 años. Para ello no sólo recurre al ejemplo de la complejidad, la diversidad de líneas argumentales y la extrema sutilidad de muchas series catódicas, mayormente anglosajonas. También alaba, oh, horror, a los reality shows como Gran Hermano.

Su controvertida tesis parte de la base de que en esta clase de formatos televisivos es donde el espectador lo tiene más fácil para percibir emociones fidedignas, complejas reacciones emocionales que, al menos por unos segundos, el concursante del reality no es capaz de esconder. Los reality shows son más reales que el resto de la televisión.



Los seres humanos expresan su abanico de emociones a través de lenguaje tácito de las expresiones faciales, y gracias a la neurociencia sabemos que el análisis de este lenguaje no verbal en toda su complejidad es uno de los grandes triunfos del cerebro humano.

Una de las formas de medir esta inteligencia se llama AQ, abreviatura de Coeficiente de Autismo, una subdivisión de la Inteligencia Emocional propuesta por Daniel Goleman. La gente con un AQ alto, como los autistas, sufren una incapacidad para intuir las intenciones de los demás. La gente con un AQ bajo, por el contrario, tiene una especial habilidad para leer las señales emocionales, es capaz de anticiparse a los pensamientos y los sentimientos que la gente no explicita.


A este don se le llama a veces mind reading (capacidad para leer la mente de los demás). Ser una persona lista, pues, también significa saber evaluar y responder adecuadamente a las señales emocionales de los otros.



Cuando se contemplan los reality shows a través del prisma del AQ, las exigencias cognitivas necesarias resultan más fáciles de apreciar. Como dice Johson, tenemos concursos que evalúan y recompensan nuestro conocimiento de informaciones triviales, y deportes profesionales que premian nuestra inteligencia física. Pues bien, los reality ponen a prueba nuestra inteligencia emocional y nuestro AQ.


Cuidado, no se está aquí analizando el nivel intelectual de los participantes en estos concursos, ni tampoco la moralidad de este tipo de programas, lo que se evidencia son exclusivamente los efectos que provocan en el cerebro un profundo y prologando acceso a estos formatos televisivos.

El espectacular éxito de estos programas, que incluso ha desplazado de la parrilla televisiva a las intocables sitcoms (comedias de situación de 20 minutos de duración), se funda en su aire de frescura y su capacidad para activar esta importante facultad mental de una forma que ningún otro producto de ficción puede hacerlo.


Los cerebros de los televidentes echan humo tratando de discernir la lógica social del universo planteado por el programa, tratan de adivinar quiénes merecen mayor confianza, quienes están mintiendo o están siendo hipócritas, trazan futuribles, discuten con otros aficionados acerca de las estrategias tomadas por cada concursante (visionando debates, participando en foros, examinando con lupa una y otra vez las situaciones), etc.

Cualquier profesión que implique una interacción habitual con otras personas (negocios, derecho, política) dará un gran valor al mind reading y al AQ. De todos los medios de comunicación de masas que tenemos a nuestra disposición, la televisión es el más apropiado para vehicular los gradientes exactos de estas habilidades sociales.

Por ello, el propio Johnson afirma que progresivamente nuestra inteligencia emocional se está afinando, así como nuestra inteligencia basada en la resolución de problemas abstractos, y todo ello gracias a la televisión y, concretamente, a ese nuevo y revolucionario formato que son los reality shows.

Así que no tengáis remordimientos. Sentaos de vez en cuando frente a la caja lista y disfrutad. Vuestro cerebro os lo agradecerá.

Vía | Everything bad is good for you de Steven Johnson

Via primaria

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